Boiler Basics, Operation and Maintenance
Course Description
A boiler is a closed pressure vessel that generates hot water or steam for space heating, humidification, or process loads. The fundamental principle is converting chemical energy from fuel-or electrical energy from resistance elements-into thermal energy. This thermal energy transfers to water, raising its temperature or converting it to steam. In HVAC systems, boilers typically supply hydronic heating coils, fan coil units, radiators, or air handling units. Unlike furnaces that heat air directly, boilers heat a fluid that is then distributed throughout a building. This makes boilers ideal for large, multi-zone buildings where even heat distribution is critical.
What you'll learn in this course?
Identify the major types of boilers used in HVAC systems and their key components.
Explain the fundamental principles of combustion, heat transfer, and boiler efficiency.
Describe safe boiler startup, normal operation, and shutdown procedures.
Implement routine maintenance tasks to extend boiler life and ensure reliability.
Recognize common boiler faults, troubleshoot basic issues, and apply safety codes.
Section 1: Boiler Fundamentals & Types (Slides 4-12)
A boiler is a closed pressure vessel that generates hot water or steam for space heating, humidification, or process loads.
The fundamental principle of boiler operation is converting chemical energy from fuel (or electrical energy) into thermal energy.
This thermal energy is transferred to water, raising its temperature or converting it to steam.
In HVAC systems, boilers typically supply hydronic heating coils, fan coil units, radiators, or air handling units.
Prerequisites
Basic engineering knowledge and familiarity with HVAC or industrial utility systems
Course Curriculum
- What is an HVAC Boiler?
- Basic Boiler Circuit
- Fire-Tube Boilers Explained
- Water-Tube Boilers Explained
- Electric Boilers
- Condensing vs. Non-Condensing Boilers
- Low-Pressure vs. High-Pressure Boilers
- Common Boiler Fuels
- Boiler Selection Criteria for HVAC
- Pressure Vessel (Shell and Tubes)
- Burner Assembly (For Fuel-Fired Boilers)
- Combustion Chamber & Refractory
- Water Level Controls (Gauge Glass & LWCO)
- Pressure Relief Valves
- Safety Valves (Steam) vs. Relief Valves (Hot Water)
- Feedwater System & Pumps
- Draft Fans (Induced & Forced Draft)
- Stack, Flue, and Breaching
- The Chemistry of Combustion
- Measuring Combustion Efficiency
- Factors Reducing Boiler Efficiency
- Boiler Controls Overview
- Pressuretrols (Steam) and Aquastats (Water)
- Modulating Burner Controls
- Oxygen Trim Systems
- Boiler Economizers
- Blowdown Heat Recovery
- Pre-Startup Checklist
- Startup Procedure for a Steam Boiler (Slow Warm-Up)
- Normal Operating Checks (Rounds)
- Normal Shutdown Procedure
- Emergency Shutdown Situations
- Blowdown Procedures (Steam Boilers)
- Surface Blowdown (Skimming)
- Winterization and Long-Term Shutdown
- Why Boiler Maintenance is Critical
- Daily Maintenance Tasks (Operator Level)
- Weekly Maintenance Tasks
- Monthly Maintenance Tasks
- Quarterly Maintenance Tasks
- Annual (Yearly) Overhaul Tasks
- Water Treatment Fundamentals
- Blowdown Schedule and Importance
- Combustion Tune-Up Steps
- Record Keeping and CPD Log
- Boiler Lockout (Burner Fails to Start)
- Uneven or Bouncing Flame
- Low Water Cutoff (LWCO) Failures
- Kettling, Pounding, or Hammering Noises
- Carbon Monoxide (CO) Hazards
- Boiler Explosion: Causes and Prevention
- Regulatory Standards and Codes
- Personal Safety for Boiler Operators
- Summary (Part 1 of 2)
- Summary (Part 2 of 2)
- Boiler Basics, Operation and Maintenance